Qurtuba

Qurtuba, also known as Cordoba, is a city in Andalusia, Spain, and was once the capital of the Islamic Caliphate of Córdoba. Founded by the Romans, it rose to prominence under Muslim rule in the 8th century, becoming a major center of learning, culture, and commerce in the medieval world. The city's most iconic landmark is the Mezquita-Cathedral, a testament to its dual history, originally a mosque and later converted into a cathedral.

During its Islamic Golden Age, Qurtuba was renowned for its advanced libraries, scholars, and artisans. Its population is estimated to have reached hundreds of thousands, making it one of the largest and most sophisticated cities in Europe. Intellectuals from across the known world, including Jews, Christians, and Muslims, converged in Qurtuba to study and exchange ideas in fields such as astronomy, medicine, philosophy, and mathematics.

The Reconquista led to the Christian reconquest of Qurtuba in 1236, marking the end of its era as a Muslim capital. Despite the subsequent changes, the city retains a rich architectural heritage reflecting its diverse past. Today, Qurtuba is a UNESCO World Heritage site, attracting visitors who come to experience its historical significance and admire its unique blend of Islamic and Christian influences. The city continues to be an important cultural and tourist destination in southern Spain.