Põlveartikulaatsiat

Põlveartikulaatsiat refers to the articulation of the knee joint. This complex joint is formed by the distal end of the femur, the proximal end of the tibia, and the patella. It functions as a hinge joint, allowing for flexion and extension of the leg, but also possesses a degree of rotation when the knee is flexed. The articular surfaces of the femur and tibia are covered with hyaline cartilage to reduce friction and absorb shock.

The knee joint is further stabilized by a network of ligaments, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, and the medial and lateral collateral ligaments. These ligaments prevent excessive anterior-posterior movement and varus-valgus stress. The menisci, wedge-shaped pieces of fibrocartilage located between the femur and tibia, also play a crucial role in stability and shock absorption.

Movement at the põlveartikulaatsiat is facilitated by the surrounding muscles, primarily the quadriceps femoris on the anterior thigh and the hamstrings on the posterior thigh. Tendons of these muscles connect to the tibia and patella, enabling the extension and flexion of the knee. The patella, or kneecap, acts as a pulley, improving the efficiency of the quadriceps muscle.

Disorders affecting the põlveartikulaatsiat can range from ligament tears and cartilage damage to osteoarthritis, a degenerative condition characterized by the breakdown of articular cartilage. These conditions can lead to pain, swelling, stiffness, and impaired mobility. Diagnosis often involves physical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays or MRI, and sometimes arthroscopy. Treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and may include conservative measures like rest and physical therapy, or surgical interventions.