Põhivõrguliigid

Põhivõrguliigid refers to the fundamental types of network topologies. These are the basic ways in which devices are connected in a network. Understanding these structures is crucial for designing, implementing, and troubleshooting computer networks.

The most common põhivõrguliigid include bus, star, ring, and mesh topologies. In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single central cable, known as the backbone. Data travels along this backbone, and each device checks if the data is intended for it. This topology is simple and inexpensive but can be prone to network congestion and single points of failure if the backbone cable is damaged.

A star topology connects all devices to a central hub or switch. All data passes through this central point. This makes it easy to add or remove devices and provides good fault isolation, as a failure in one cable typically only affects the connected device. However, the central hub is a single point of failure for the entire network.

In a ring topology, devices are connected in a closed loop. Data travels in one direction around the ring, passing from one device to the next until it reaches its destination. Each device acts as a repeater, regenerating the signal. While this can offer consistent performance, a break in the ring can disrupt the entire network.

A mesh topology connects every device to every other device in the network. This provides high redundancy and fault tolerance, as there are multiple paths for data to travel. However, it is very expensive and complex to implement due to the extensive cabling required. Variations exist, such as a partial mesh, which offers some redundancy without the full complexity of a complete mesh.