Pythagoreion

Pythagoreion, also spelled Pythagorion, is a town and historic port on the island of Samos in the North Aegean region of Greece. Located opposite the ancient Heraion of Samos, it forms part of the UNESCO World Heritage property "Heraion of Samos and Pythagoreion." The name derives from the Ionian philosopher Pythagoras, who is believed to have lived on Samos.

The site comprises a well-preserved Hellenistic fortified harbor complex that protected the port and the city's principal facilities. The defenses include walls, bastions, gates, and three arched gateways that survive along the harborfront, reflecting a long history of settlement through ancient, medieval, and Ottoman periods. The adjacent shore and town blends ancient ruins with later architectural layers.

A notable feature associated with the area is the Eupalinian aqueduct, an engineering work undertaken in the 6th century BCE under Polycrates and attributed to the engineer Eupalinos. It is one of the earliest known long-distance tunnels and supplied water to the city from springs several kilometers away.

In modern times Pythagoreion is a inhabited town and tourist center, known for its harbor, beaches, and promenades. Its cultural landscape preserves the interplay of ancient Greek urban planning, Hellenistic military architecture, and later influences, making it an important archaeological and historical site on Samos.