PyrénéesOrientales

Pyrénées-Orientales is a department in the Occitanie region of southern France. Named for the eastern part of the Pyrenees and its Mediterranean location, it has the department number 66 and its prefecture is Perpignan. The territory covers part of the historic Roussillon and includes a coastline along the Côte Vermeille, with popular towns such as Collioure and Banyuls-sur-Mer.

Geography within Pyrénées-Orientales combines coastal plains around Perpignan with the eastern Pyrenees rising inland. The Mediterranean climate predominates along the coast, while higher elevations experience cooler, more alpine conditions. The department borders Spain to the south and the French departments of Aude and other Midi-Pyrénées districts to the north and west, reflecting its position at the crossroads of the French and Catalan spheres.

Historically, the department was created during the French Revolution in 1790. The region has a strong Catalan cultural influence, reflected in traditions, cuisine, and language. The Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659 transferred the Roussillon area from Spain to France, shaping the modern border and cultural ties. Catalan language and culture remain significant, especially in rural areas and cultural institutions.

Economy and culture center on tourism and wine production. Notable wines include Collioure, Banyuls, and Maury, part of the Roussillon wine region. Touristic draws include the coastal cities of Collioure and Port-Vendres, and the medieval town of Elne, as well as the Tautavel archaeological site. The department also hosts the Parc naturel régional des Pyrénées Catalanes, which preserves mountain landscapes and biodiversity.

With a population around several hundred thousand, Perpignan is the largest city, serving as administrative, commercial, and transport hub. The region is served by the Perpignan–Rivesaltes airport and a network of rail and road links, including the A9 autoroute along the coast.