Puutega

Puutega is an Estonian grammatical form derived from the noun puu, meaning tree or wood, combined with the comitative or instrumental suffix -ga. It marks accompaniment or the instrument used to perform an action. In usage, puutega signals that something is done with wood, with a wooden tool, or more generally with the material or means indicated by puu.

In Estonian, the comitative suffix -ga attaches to the appropriate stem of a noun to express “with” or “by means of.” Puutega therefore functions similarly to other comitative forms, providing information about how an action is carried out or what accompanies the subject. The form is most common in everyday language when describing actions performed using wood or wooden implements, or when indicating companionship in a context where wood is the relevant means.

Morphology and variation: the exact form of the comitative can vary with number and grammatical context, yielding corresponding forms for singular and plural usage (for example, forms that indicate “with trees” or “with wood” depending on the intended meaning). As with other Estonian comitative forms, puutega is typically used in clauses where the instrument or material is central to the action.

See also: Estonian grammar, comitative case, instrumental expressions, usage of -ga suffix.