Puolustusmekanismeja

Puolustusmekanismeja, often translated as defense mechanisms, are psychological strategies used by the unconscious mind to protect a person from anxiety arising from unacceptable thoughts or feelings. These mechanisms operate outside of conscious awareness and distort reality in some way to prevent painful emotions from surfacing. They are considered normal and healthy when used occasionally and in moderation, but can become problematic if relied upon too heavily or rigidly.

Common defense mechanisms include repression, which involves pushing unwanted thoughts or memories into the unconscious. Denial is another mechanism where an individual refuses to accept reality or facts. Projection is the attribution of one's own unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or motives to another person. Rationalization involves creating logical-sounding explanations for behaviors that are actually driven by unconscious motives. Displacement redirects an impulse from a threatening target to a safer one. Regression involves reverting to an earlier stage of development in response to stress. Lastly, sublimation channels unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities.

These mechanisms were first systematically described by Sigmund Freud and further developed by his daughter, Anna Freud. They are a fundamental concept in psychodynamic theory and are believed to play a significant role in personality development and the maintenance of psychological balance. While they serve a protective function, an overreliance on defense mechanisms can hinder personal growth and the ability to cope effectively with life's challenges. Understanding these mechanisms can provide insight into one's own behavior and the behavior of others.