Punicic

Punicic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid belonging to the family of conjugated linolenic acids (CLnA). It is an 18-carbon fatty acid with three conjugated double bonds, typically described as cis-9,trans-11,cis-13-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid. It is also commonly categorized as an omega-5 fatty acid because the first double bond from the methyl end occurs near carbon 5.

Occurrence and sources include pomegranate (Punica granatum) seed oil, where punicic acid is the dominant fatty acid, sometimes comprising a substantial majority of total fatty acids. The oil of other seeds and fruits can contain smaller amounts of punicic acid, but pomegranate seed oil is its signature source.

Chemically, punicic acid is a highly unsaturated, reactive fatty acid that is prone to oxidation. In biological systems, CLnA such as punicic acid are studied for potential bioactive properties, including anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity in laboratory and animal studies. However, evidence from human clinical trials remains limited, and no official dietary intake recommendations exist.

Uses and applications include incorporation into nutraceuticals and cosmetics, particularly in products emphasizing omega-5 or CLnA-rich profiles. Its presence in pomegranate seed oil also contributes to the oil’s perceived nutritional and cosmetic value.

Etymology and naming: the name punicic derives from Punica granatum (pomegranate). Systematic names include cis-9,trans-11,cis-13-octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid, reflecting its three conjugated double bonds.

See also: conjugated linolenic acids, pomegranate oil, omega-5 fatty acids.