Przewidywanym

Przewidywanym is a form of the Polish participle/adjective przewidywany, derived from the verb przewidywać (to anticipate or forecast). It describes something that has been foreseen or expected and is used in sentences where the noun it modifies is in the instrumental case. The form przewidywanym specifically marks masculine singular nouns in the instrumental, though other genders and cases have their own forms.

Etymology and morphology: The word comes from the imperfective verb przewidywać, which itself is built with the prefix prze- and the root wid- (from widzieć, to see) combined with the suffix -ywać. The participial adjective przewidywany corresponds to masculine singular nominative, and its instrumental singular form is przewidywanym. Feminine and neuter variants exist to agree with different nouns and grammatical cases (for example, przewidywaną, przewidywane).

Usage: In formal Polish, przewidywanym is used to describe effects, risks, costs, or influences that are anticipated. It often appears with nouns in instrumental or other cases, such as przewidywanym wpływem zmian or przewidywanym skutkiem decyzji. The construction is common in policy papers, risk analyses, scientific writing, and legal or administrative texts where forecasting or estimation is discussed.

Related terms: The adjective przewidywalny means "predictable," and the noun przewidywanie refers to anticipation or forecasting. The phrase przewidywanym is closely linked to these terms and to the broader verb family around przewidywać and przewidzieć, which express related aspects of foreseeing and planning.