Protéinek

Protéinek, also known as proteins, are large biomolecules essential for life. They are composed of chains of amino acids, linked together by peptide bonds. The sequence of these amino acids determines the protein's unique three-dimensional structure, which in turn dictates its function. Proteins perform a vast array of roles within living organisms, acting as enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions, structural components like collagen and keratin, and signaling molecules such as hormones. They are also crucial for transporting substances, such as hemoglobin carrying oxygen, and for immune responses, where antibodies defend against pathogens.

The human body synthesizes thousands of different proteins, each with a specific purpose. These proteins are built using the genetic information encoded in DNA. When a gene is expressed, a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule is created, which then serves as a template for protein synthesis during a process called translation. The breakdown of proteins, catabolism, provides amino acids for the synthesis of new proteins or for energy production. Maintaining a balanced intake of dietary protein is vital for growth, repair, and overall health. Deficiencies can lead to various health problems, while excessive intake can also have adverse effects.