Protonipainotteiset

Protonipainotteiset, also known as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), are a class of medications that reduce the production of stomach acid. They work by irreversibly blocking the action of the hydrogen-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+/K+-ATPase) enzyme system, often referred to as the "proton pump," which is located in the gastric parietal cells. By inhibiting this pump, PPIs significantly decrease the secretion of hydrochloric acid into the stomach.

These medications are widely prescribed for various gastrointestinal conditions where excess stomach acid is a contributing factor. Common uses include the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcers (both gastric and duodenal), Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and as part of regimens to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. They are also used to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding in patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Protonipainotteiset are generally available as oral formulations, often in delayed-release or enteric-coated forms to protect them from degradation by stomach acid before absorption. Intravenous formulations are also available for certain clinical situations. While generally well-tolerated, potential side effects can include headache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and nausea. Long-term use has been associated with a potential increased risk of certain nutrient deficiencies, bone fractures, and kidney issues, though these associations are complex and often debated.