ProtoGnostic

ProtoGnostic is a term used by scholars to describe a hypothetical early stage or precursor to what is commonly understood as Gnosticism. This early phase is believed to have existed before the development of distinct Gnostic schools and texts. ProtoGnostic thought is not directly observable through specific historical documents that self-identify as ProtoGnostic. Instead, it is inferred from the analysis of later Gnostic texts, as well as from earlier religious and philosophical traditions that may have influenced Gnosticism.

Scholars propose that ProtoGnostic elements might be found in certain Jewish apocalyptic literature, mystery religions of the Hellenistic period, and possibly in the teachings of figures like John the Baptist or early Christian interpretations that diverged from later orthodox Christianity. Key features attributed to this hypothetical ProtoGnostic stage include a dualistic worldview, a sense of cosmic alienation, and the pursuit of salvific knowledge (gnosis). This knowledge is often conceived as a secret understanding of the divine realm and humanity's true spiritual origin, distinct from the material world created by a lesser deity.

The concept of ProtoGnosticism is a scholarly construct designed to explain the origins and development of Gnosticism. It acknowledges that Gnosticism did not emerge fully formed but rather evolved from a complex interplay of existing religious and philosophical ideas. Understanding this potential early phase helps scholars trace the intellectual lineage and interpret the diverse expressions of Gnostic thought found in later historical periods.