Propanone

Propanone, commonly known as acetone, is the simplest ketone, with the chemical formula (CH3)2CO (C3H6O). It is a colorless, highly volatile liquid characterized by a distinctive sweet, solvent-like odor. Propanone is miscible with water and most organic solvents, with a boiling point of about 56°C and a flash point well below room temperature. It is flammable and should be stored in a cool, well-ventilated place away from heat sources.

Nomenclature and structure: The IUPAC name is propan-2-one. It is also called acetone or dimethyl ketone. The molecule consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) flanked by two methyl groups, giving it a small, highly polar carbonyl center that drives its solvent properties.

Production and occurrence: Industrially, acetone is produced on a large scale, primarily as a byproduct of the phenol and acetone co-production via the cumene process. It can also be prepared in smaller quantities by the oxidation of isopropanol. In nature, acetone is produced in trace amounts in mammals during normal metabolism and ketosis.

Uses and applications: Acetone is widely used as an organic solvent in paints, coatings, plastics, nail polish remover, and cleaning formulations. It serves as a versatile solvent for fats, oils, waxes, and resins, and is a common intermediate in organic synthesis, including the production of methyl methacrylate and various polymers.

Safety and handling: Acetone is highly flammable and its vapors can form explosive mixtures with air. It can irritate the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. It should be stored in tightly closed containers, with adequate ventilation, and away from sources of ignition. Proper personal protective equipment is recommended when handling large quantities.