Propanedioihappo

Propanedioihappo, also known as malonic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid with the chemical formula CH2(COOH)2. It is a white crystalline solid at room temperature. Malonic acid is structurally related to acetic acid, with an additional carboxyl group on the alpha carbon. This structure makes it more acidic than acetic acid.

Malonic acid is found naturally in some fruits and vegetables, but it is most commonly synthesized industrially. It can be produced by the oxidation of malonic esters or by the reaction of chloroacetic acid with sodium cyanide followed by hydrolysis.

The primary uses of malonic acid are in organic synthesis, particularly in the malonic ester synthesis, a versatile method for forming carbon-carbon bonds. This reaction is crucial for the preparation of various carboxylic acids and ketones. Malonic acid and its derivatives are also employed in the pharmaceutical industry for the synthesis of barbiturates and other medicinal compounds. Additionally, it finds applications in the food industry as a flavoring agent and in the cosmetic industry.

While generally considered safe for its intended uses, malonic acid can be irritating to the skin and eyes. Ingestion of large quantities may cause gastrointestinal upset.