Propan13diol

Propan-1,3-diol, commonly called 1,3-propanediol or trimethylene glycol, is a colorless, viscous, hygroscopic diol with two hydroxyl groups at the ends of a three-carbon chain. Its chemical formula is C3H8O2. It is miscible with water and many organic solvents and has a relatively high boiling point for a diol.

Industrial production occurs through chemical synthesis or fermentation-based routes. A traditional chemical route involves hydroformylation of ethylene oxide to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde, followed by hydrogenation to the diol. A growing portion of supply comes from biotechnological processes in which microorganisms ferment glycerol or sugars to yield 1,3-propanediol as a major product. Additional routes from related epoxides or derivatives also exist.

Uses of 1,3-propanediol center on its role as a versatile monomer and chemical intermediary. It is a building block for polymers such as polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and related copolymers, as well as polytrimethylene carbonate. Beyond polymer production, it serves as a solvent, humectant, and intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals and formulations.

Properties and safety: 1,3-propanediol is a stable, colorless liquid with low volatility. It is highly miscible with water and many organic solvents. Handling should follow standard chemical safety practices; exposure can irritate skin or eyes, and ingestion should be avoided. While not considered highly toxic, prolonged or high-level exposure warrants appropriate precautions.