Prokariótákhoz

Prokariótákhoz refers to organisms belonging to the domain Prokaryotae. These are unicellular microorganisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. Their genetic material, typically a single circular chromosome, is located in a region of the cytoplasm called the nucleoid. Prokaryotic cells are generally much smaller and simpler in structure than eukaryotic cells. They possess a cell wall, which provides structural support and protection, and a cell membrane that regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell. Ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis, are present but are smaller than those found in eukaryotes.

The two major groups of prokaryotes are Bacteria and Archaea. Bacteria are found in virtually every environment on Earth and play crucial roles in ecosystems, including nutrient cycling and decomposition. Some bacteria are pathogenic, causing diseases in other organisms, while others are beneficial, such as those found in the human gut. Archaea, often found in extreme environments like hot springs, salt lakes, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents, were once thought to be exclusively extremophiles. However, they are now known to inhabit a wider range of habitats, including soil and oceans. Both bacteria and archaea reproduce asexually, primarily through binary fission, a process where one cell divides into two identical daughter cells.