Procyanidin

Procyanidin is a type of condensed tannin, which are polyphenolic compounds found in a variety of plants. Chemically, procyanidins are oligomers of flavan-3-ol units, most commonly epicatechin and catechin, linked by carbon-carbon bonds. These units can polymerize to form chains of varying lengths, resulting in dimers, trimers, tetramers, and larger oligomers, collectively referred to as procyanidins. The degree of polymerization and the specific linkage patterns significantly influence their properties.

These compounds are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, with notable sources including cocoa beans, apples, grapes, berries, peanuts, and certain tree barks. Their presence contributes to the astringency and color of many fruits and beverages. Procyanidins have garnered interest due to their potential health benefits, which are largely attributed to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Research has explored their role in cardiovascular health, cognitive function, and as antimicrobial agents, though many of these effects are still under investigation and require further clinical validation. They are also used in some industrial applications, such as leather tanning and as natural dyes.