Primátus

Primátus is a term with historical and theological significance, primarily associated with the Roman Catholic Church. It refers to the supreme authority and jurisdiction of the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, over the entire Church. This concept asserts that the Pope, as the successor of Saint Peter, holds a unique and preeminent position among all bishops.

The doctrine of papal primacy developed over centuries. Early Christian writings and councils provided foundational elements, though the precise nature and extent of papal authority were subjects of ongoing discussion and debate throughout history. Key developments include the assertion of the Pope's role in matters of faith and morals, his universal jurisdiction in church governance, and his infallibility under specific conditions.

In Eastern Orthodoxy, the concept of primacy is understood differently. While the Patriarch of Constantinople is recognized as having a primacy of honor ("first among equals"), this does not entail the same universal jurisdiction or authority claimed by the Pope in the West. The differing interpretations of primátus have been a significant factor in the historical schisms between the Eastern and Western Churches.