Prescribers

Prescribers are licensed health professionals authorized to diagnose conditions and prescribe medications or other therapeutic interventions. Their authority to prescribe is granted by professional licensure, statutory regulation, and, in some jurisdictions, national formularies. Prescribers issue prescriptions that enable patients to obtain medicines, devices, or services from pharmacies or other healthcare providers. They also monitor responses to treatment and adjust therapy as needed.

Typical prescribers include physicians (MDs and DOs), nurse practitioners, physician assistants, dentists, optometrists in some jurisdictions, midwives, and veterinarians. In certain systems, pharmacists or other allied health professionals may have delegated or restricted prescribing rights, such as initiating specific treatments or refills with oversight.

Regulatory frameworks set the requirements for education, licensure, and ongoing competence; define the scope of practice; regulate controlled substances; and require adherence to patient safety standards, record-keeping, and reporting. Prescribers are also subject to professional discipline for malpractice or violations of prescribing laws.

Prescribing involves a clinical assessment, consideration of allergies, interactions, and contraindications, selection of an appropriate medication or therapy, and instruction on dosage, administration, and duration. Prescribers document the plan and monitor outcomes, providing follow-up or referrals as needed. The practice varies by country and region, influenced by healthcare systems, licensure, and access to care. Telemedicine and electronic prescribing have expanded how prescriptions are issued, while continuing education and safe prescribing practices remain central to patient safety.