Prefabrik

Prefabrik, or prefabrikasyon, is a construction method in which building components are manufactured off-site in a factory setting and then transported to the project site for assembly. This approach contrasts with conventional on-site construction, where most elements are built in place. Prefabrication can involve volumetric modular units, panelized wall and floor systems, or hybrid assemblies combining modules with on-site work.

History and scope: Prefabrication has roots in industrial construction and expanded after the mid-20th century with advances in steel, concrete, and timber technologies. It is widely used in housing, commercial buildings, and institutional projects. The method is particularly common where speed, quality control, or weather conditions would otherwise increase costs.

Process and types: The design and manufacturing phase is followed by transportation to site and on-site assembly. Common forms include volumetric modular construction (pre-made rooms or modules), panelized systems (precast or factory-built walls and floors), and hybrid solutions that combine modules with in-situ elements. Materials include concrete, steel, and timber products such as cross-laminated timber.

Advantages and challenges: Benefits include faster construction schedules, tighter quality control, reduced material waste, improved safety, and potential energy efficiency. Challenges include higher transportation and logistics costs, design limitations, reliance on manufacturing capacity, and alignment with local codes and permits.

Applications and regulation: Prefabrication is used in residential, hospitality, education, healthcare, and industrial buildings, as well as infrastructure components. It operates under local building codes and fire safety standards, and increasingly uses digital tools such as BIM to coordinate design and production.

Outlook: Continued growth is linked to modularization, sustainability goals, and seismic-resistant designs in suitable regions.