Pracujcymi

Pracujcymi, in standard Polish written with diacritics as pracującymi, is the instrumental plural form of the present active participle from the verb pracować, meaning “working.” The un-diacritic form pracujcymi is a transcription variant used in non-accented texts. It functions like an adjective or participle and agrees with nouns in gender, number, and case.

In usage, pracującymi describes people or things that perform the action of working. It is commonly used in phrases that require the instrumental case (often after prepositions like z) or in attributive noun phrases where the participle modifies a noun in the plural. The form is typically distinguished by its -ącymi ending, which marks instrumental plural for the participle.

Examples include:

- Rozmawiał z pracującymi ludźmi. (He spoke with working people.)

- Grupa pracujących kobiet. (A group of working women.)

- Zespół pracujących nad projektem. (A team working on the project.)

Morphology and variants: pracujący is the masculine singular nominative form; its other forms adapt for number and case (for example, pracujący, pracująca, pracujące, and odpowiednie variants in plural). In instrumental plural, used with most gender groups, the form is pracującymi. As with other Polish participles, feminine and neuter forms converge in certain cases, and the exact endings depend on the syntactic role of the phrase.

See also: Polish participles, adjectival participles, gerunds.