Pozo

Pozo is a term used in Spanish to denote a deep vertical opening in the ground, natural or man-made, that supplies access to liquids or voids. The most common meaning is a water well, a structure sunk or drilled to reach groundwater so that water can be drawn to the surface. The word also covers related forms such as mining shafts, drainage holes, and oil or gas wells, where the primary purpose is the extraction or access of subterranean resources.

Etymology and usage. Pozo derives from Latin via Spanish development, with the sense centered on an opening that reaches a subterranean layer. In addition to its general meaning, it is used in specialized terms such as pozo artesiano (artesian well), where groundwater is under pressure and can rise above the aquifer’s top, sometimes without pumping. A pozo de petróleo or pozo petrolero refers to an oil or gas well, drilled to extract hydrocarbons.

Construction and operation. Traditional wells are often lined with stone, brick, or concrete to prevent collapse and to protect water quality. Modern wells frequently use casings, screens, and sanitary seals, with pumping equipment ranging from hand-driven devices to electric submersible pumps. In mining, a pozo minero is a shaft that provides access to ore bodies and a means of hoisting ore or waste. Safety features and maintenance are important to prevent collapse and contamination.

Other uses. Pozo also appears in place names and as a surname in Spanish-speaking regions, reflecting historical or geographical associations with wells or water sources.

See also: water well, artesian well, mining shaft.