Poxvírusokat

Poxvírusokat refers to viruses belonging to the Poxviridae family. These are large, complex viruses that are characterized by their double-stranded DNA genome and their brick-shaped or ovoid morphology. Poxviruses are known for their ability to infect a wide range of hosts, including mammals, birds, and insects.

The Poxviridae family is divided into several subfamilies and genera. Important genera include Orthopoxvirus, which contains well-known viruses like vaccinia virus and variola virus (the cause of smallpox), and Avipoxvirus, which infects birds. Other genera include Leporipoxvirus (infecting rabbits) and Suipoxvirus (infecting pigs).

Poxviruses replicate within the cytoplasm of host cells, which is unusual for DNA viruses. Their replication cycle involves the release of the viral genome and its transcription by viral enzymes. Assembly of new virions occurs in the cytoplasm, and progeny viruses are released through cell lysis or budding.

Historically, poxviruses have been significant pathogens. Variola virus caused devastating epidemics of smallpox, a disease that has now been eradicated through global vaccination efforts. Other poxviruses can cause diseases like molluscum contagiosum in humans, and various pox diseases in animals, such as fowlpox and myxomatosis. While many poxviruses are host-specific, some can occasionally cross species barriers. Research into poxviruses continues, particularly concerning their potential as oncolytic viruses (viruses that selectively infect and kill cancer cells) and their use in vaccine development.