Poszttranszlácós

Poszttranszlácós refers to events or processes that occur after a translation event. In molecular biology, translation is the process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain. Poszttranszlácós events encompass all modifications and processing that this polypeptide undergoes after its initial synthesis on the ribosome.

These post-translational modifications are crucial for the proper folding, function, stability, and localization of proteins. Common poszttranszlácós events include phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and proteolytic cleavage. Phosphorylation, for instance, involves the addition of a phosphate group, which can alter a protein's activity or signaling pathway. Glycosylation, the addition of carbohydrate chains, is important for protein folding, stability, and cell-cell recognition. Ubiquitination targets proteins for degradation.

Proteolytic cleavage involves the cutting of polypeptide chains, which can activate or inactivate proteins, or generate multiple functional units from a single precursor. These modifications are often reversible and are tightly regulated by cellular machinery. They can occur in various cellular compartments, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and cytoplasm. The study of poszttranszlácós modifications is vital for understanding protein function, cellular signaling, and disease mechanisms.