Posttranszlációs

Posttranszlációs refers to any modification that occurs to a protein after its initial synthesis, a process known as translation. During translation, a ribosome reads messenger RNA (mRNA) and assembles a chain of amino acids to form a polypeptide. However, this polypeptide is often not yet functional and requires further changes to become a mature, active protein. These posttranszlációs modifications are crucial for a wide range of cellular functions, including protein folding, stability, localization, and interaction with other molecules.

There are numerous types of posttranszlációs modifications, each involving the addition, removal, or alteration of chemical groups. Common examples include phosphorylation, where a phosphate group is added; glycosylation, the attachment of carbohydrate molecules; ubiquitination, the addition of ubiquitin proteins; and acetylation, the addition of an acetyl group. These modifications can be reversible, allowing cells to dynamically regulate protein activity in response to changing conditions. The study of posttranszlációs modifications is vital for understanding cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and for developing new therapeutic strategies.