Posttranslationaler

Posttranslationaler is a German term that translates to "post-translational" in English. It refers to modifications that occur to a protein after it has been synthesized through the process of translation. Translation is the biological process where messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded by a ribosome to produce a specific sequence of amino acids, forming a polypeptide chain. Once this chain is formed, it is often not yet functional. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are chemical changes that happen to the polypeptide chain, altering its structure, function, or localization.

These modifications are crucial for a vast array of cellular processes. They can include the addition of functional groups like phosphates (phosphorylation), sugars (glycosylation), or lipids, as well as the cleavage of peptide bonds or the formation of disulfide bridges. PTMs can activate or inactivate enzymes, change a protein's solubility, target it for degradation, or facilitate its interaction with other molecules. Without these modifications, many proteins would be unable to perform their intended roles. The study of posttranslationaler events, therefore, is fundamental to understanding protein function and cellular biology.