Portaaliperfuusio

Portaaliperfuusio, also known as portal hypertension, is a condition characterized by elevated pressure within the portal venous system. This system is responsible for carrying blood from the digestive organs, such as the stomach, intestines, and spleen, to the liver. When the pressure within this system rises significantly, it can lead to a range of complications.

The most common cause of portaaliperfuusio is cirrhosis, a scarring of the liver tissue that obstructs blood flow. Other causes can include blood clots in the portal vein, certain infections, and conditions that affect the blood vessels within the liver.

Symptoms of portaaliperfuusio can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. They may include the formation of varices, which are enlarged veins that can rupture and cause life-threatening bleeding. Ascites, the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, is another common complication. Individuals may also experience jaundice, a yellowing of the skin and eyes, and hepatic encephalopathy, a brain dysfunction caused by the liver's inability to remove toxins from the blood.

Diagnosis typically involves imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI, often combined with blood tests to assess liver function. Treatment aims to manage the complications and, if possible, address the underlying cause. This can include medications to reduce pressure, endoscopic procedures to treat varices, and in severe cases, liver transplantation may be considered.