PoolaLiivimaast

PoolaLiivimaa refers to the historical territory of Livonia that was under Polish rule. This period primarily falls between the Union of Lublin in 1569 and the Swedish invasion of Livonia in the early 17th century. Following the Livonian War and the disintegration of the Livonian Order, the region became a subject of contention between Poland-Lithuania, Sweden, and Denmark.

In 1561, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, later King of Poland, Sigismund II Augustus, effectively gained suzerainty over Livonia. The Duchy of Livonia was established as a Polish-Lithuanian condominium. The Polish crown sought to incorporate the region into its territories, facing resistance from local nobility and the ambitions of Sweden. During this time, the southern part of Livonia, roughly corresponding to modern-day Latvia, fell under direct Polish control as the Duchy of Livonia. Riga, a major port city, was also brought under Polish influence for a period.

The Polish administration attempted to introduce administrative reforms and maintain Catholic influence, though this was met with mixed success. The region remained a strategic frontier, constantly threatened by Swedish incursions from the north. The ongoing conflicts, particularly the Polish-Swedish Wars, significantly impacted the stability and development of PoolaLiivimaa. Ultimately, Swedish military successes in the early 17th century led to the loss of most of Livonia to Sweden, marking the end of Polish rule in the region by the Treaty of Altmark in 1629, which ceded significant territories to Sweden.