Polüpeptiidseid

Polüpeptiidseid refers to peptides, which are short chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Proteins are generally considered to be polypeptides that have folded into a specific three-dimensional structure and are typically longer than peptides. The distinction between a peptide and a protein is not always sharp, and the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, especially for molecules of intermediate length.

Amino acids are the building blocks of both peptides and proteins. Each amino acid has a unique side chain that gives it specific chemical properties. When amino acids link together, they form a polypeptide chain. The sequence of amino acids in this chain, known as the primary structure, is determined by the genetic code. This sequence dictates how the polypeptide will fold and function.

Polypeptides play crucial roles in biological systems. Many hormones, such as insulin and oxytocin, are polypeptides. They also act as neurotransmitters, signaling molecules, and structural components. The diversity of amino acid side chains allows for a vast array of chemical interactions, enabling polypeptides to perform a wide range of functions, from catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes) to transporting molecules and defending against pathogens (antibodies). The study of polypeptides and proteins is a central area of biochemistry and molecular biology.