Polypterus

Polypterus is a genus of freshwater fish commonly known as bichirs or senegals. They are native to freshwater and brackish habitats in Africa. Bichirs are unique among fish for possessing a pair of lungs in addition to gills, allowing them to breathe air and survive in oxygen-poor water. They also have pectoral fins that are supported by bones, giving them the ability to "walk" on the substrate.

These fish are characterized by their elongated, serpentine bodies, and a series of dorsal finlets running down their backs, which resemble small, independent fins. Their scales are thick and ganoid, providing a tough armor. Bichirs are predatory and have a diet consisting of smaller fish, crustaceans, and insects. They are typically nocturnal hunters, lying in wait for prey.

The genus Polypterus contains several species, with Polypterus senegalus being one of the most well-known and commonly kept in aquariums. Their ancient lineage makes them of significant interest to ichthyologists studying fish evolution. Despite their primitive appearance, bichirs are resilient and have survived for millions of years. Their ability to breathe air and their unique fin structure are key adaptations that have contributed to their success in diverse aquatic environments.