Polycropping

Polycropping is an agricultural practice that involves growing two or more crops in close proximity to each other. This differs from monocropping, where a single crop is planted over a large area. The aims of polycropping can be varied, including increasing biodiversity, improving soil health, and enhancing crop yields.

There are several types of polycropping. Intercropping is a common form where different crops are grown in alternate rows or in a mixed planting. Companion planting is another type, focusing on the beneficial interactions between specific plant species, such as one crop deterring pests that affect another. Relay cropping involves planting a second crop into an already established first crop before it is harvested. Strip cropping is also a type of polycropping where different crops are planted in alternating strips.

The benefits of polycropping are often attributed to the synergistic relationships between the crops. For instance, legumes can fix atmospheric nitrogen, which benefits neighboring non-leguminous plants. Certain plant combinations can also attract beneficial insects or repel pests, reducing the need for chemical interventions. Furthermore, by utilizing different rooting depths and nutrient requirements, polycropping can lead to more efficient resource utilization and improved soil structure. However, polycropping can also present challenges, such as increased complexity in management and potential competition for resources if not carefully planned.