Polivinilit

Polivinilit is a term used in several languages to denote polymers derived from vinyl monomers. It is often used as a general name for polyvinyl materials, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as well as other vinyl polymers such as polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) after hydrolysis. The common feature is that each polymer consists of repeating units derived from vinyl monomers, with the basic motif -CH2-CH(R)- where R is a substituent that defines the specific polymer.

Production and structure: Polivinilit polymers are produced by polymerization of vinyl monomers, usually through radical polymerization, in solution, suspension, emulsion, or bulk. The result is a thermoplastic or thermosetting material whose properties depend on the substituent, molecular weight, tacticity, and additives. The presence of halogen atoms (as in PVC) or hydroxyl groups (as in PVA) strongly influences processing and performance.

Properties: PVC is a durable plastic used in pipes and construction, and becomes more flexible with plasticizers. PVAc is a sticky polymer used as an adhesive and binder; PVA is water-soluble and forms films; other vinyl polymers such as PVDF or PVDC offer higher temperature and chemical resistance.

Applications: Polivinilit polymers are used in packaging films, pipes and fittings, coatings, electrical insulation, adhesives, and as binders in paper and textiles. They are often selected for transparency, chemical resistance, or processability.

Safety and environment: Chlorinated vinyls can release hazardous substances during incineration; recycling and proper disposal are important. Water-soluble variants offer easier cleanup but require appropriate handling.