Polivinüülkloriid

Polivinüülkloriid, commonly known as PVC, is a widely used synthetic plastic polymer. Its chemical formula is (C₂H₃Cl)n. PVC is the third most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer globally, after polyethylene and polypropylene. It is produced by the polymerization of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM).

PVC exists in two main forms: rigid and flexible. Rigid PVC (uPVC) is a hard, dense material used in applications such as pipes, window profiles, siding, and credit cards. The flexibility of PVC is achieved by adding plasticizers, which are typically phthalates. Flexible PVC is used in applications like electrical cable insulation, inflatable products, medical devices, and flooring.

The properties of PVC can be modified by the addition of various additives, such as stabilizers, plasticizers, fillers, and pigments. These additives allow for a wide range of applications and performance characteristics. PVC is known for its durability, resistance to chemicals and weathering, and its cost-effectiveness. It is also a good electrical insulator.

PVC can be processed using various methods, including extrusion, injection molding, and calendering. Due to its widespread use and potential environmental concerns related to its production and disposal, PVC has been the subject of considerable research and debate regarding its sustainability. Recycling efforts for PVC are ongoing, and advancements in PVC formulations aim to improve its environmental profile.