Polarizálható

Polarizálható is a Hungarian adjective that translates to polarizable in English. It describes a substance or system that can be polarized. In physics, particularly in electromagnetism and optics, polarization refers to the orientation of the oscillations of a transverse wave, such as light. A polarizable material is one whose constituent charged particles, typically electrons, can be displaced from their equilibrium positions by an external electric field. This displacement creates an induced dipole moment within the material.

The degree to which a substance is polarizable is quantified by its polarizability. This property is crucial in understanding how materials interact with electromagnetic radiation. For instance, in dielectrics, polarizability determines the dielectric constant, which in turn affects the material's ability to store electrical energy. In optics, the polarizability of atoms and molecules influences phenomena like refractive index and dispersion. Different materials exhibit varying degrees of polarizability due to their electronic structure. Substances with loosely bound electrons are generally more polarizable than those with tightly held electrons. This concept is fundamental to many areas of physical chemistry and condensed matter physics.