Pohjaöljy

Pohjaöljy, often translated as base oil, is the primary component of most lubricants. It comprises 70-95% of the final lubricant formulation, with the remaining percentage being additives. The properties of the base oil significantly influence the performance characteristics of the lubricant, such as its viscosity, thermal stability, and ability to protect against wear.

Base oils are derived from crude oil through various refining processes or can be synthesized chemically. Historically, mineral oil-based lubricants were prevalent, derived from petroleum fractions. These are categorized as Group I, II, and III base oils, with Group III oils representing highly refined mineral oils with improved performance.

Synthetic base oils, such as Group IV (polyalphaolefins or PAOs) and Group V (esters, silicones, etc.), are manufactured through controlled chemical reactions. These offer superior performance in extreme temperatures, better oxidative stability, and lower volatility compared to mineral oils. The choice of base oil depends on the intended application, required performance levels, and cost considerations. For instance, high-performance engines and industrial machinery often utilize synthetic base oils for demanding operating conditions. The careful selection and blending of base oils with specific additive packages are crucial for creating lubricants that meet the diverse needs of modern machinery and equipment.