Pneumokokkia

Pneumokokkia refers to diseases caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common bacterium. This bacterium can cause a range of infections, most notably pneumonia, which is an infection of the lungs. Other infections caused by pneumococcus include meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, and otitis media, a middle ear infection. In some cases, pneumococcus can also lead to sepsis, a life-threatening bloodstream infection.

Symptoms of pneumococcal disease vary depending on the type and severity of the infection. Pneumonia often presents with fever, cough, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Meningitis symptoms can include severe headache, stiff neck, fever, and sensitivity to light. Ear infections typically cause ear pain, fever, and sometimes drainage from the ear.

Pneumococcal infections are spread through respiratory droplets, often through coughing or sneezing. Individuals with weakened immune systems, young children, and older adults are at higher risk for developing serious pneumococcal illness. Diagnosis is usually made through laboratory tests, such as culturing samples of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or sputum.

Prevention is a key strategy for combating pneumococcal disease. Vaccination is highly effective in preventing many types of pneumococcal infections. Antibiotics are used to treat existing infections, though antibiotic resistance is a growing concern. Public health measures, such as good hygiene and avoiding close contact with sick individuals, also play a role in reducing transmission.