PlazentaStrukturen

PlazentaStrukturen refers to the various anatomical features and developmental stages of the placenta, the organ that connects a developing fetus to the uterine wall in placental mammals. The placenta is a complex organ that facilitates nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange between the mother and fetus. Its structure undergoes significant changes throughout gestation, adapting to the growing demands of the fetus.

Key structural components include the chorionic villi, which are finger-like projections extending from the fetal side of the placenta into the maternal blood spaces. These villi are the primary sites of exchange. The maternal component, the decidua basalis, contributes blood vessels and maternal tissues that form the intervillous space where fetal villi are bathed in maternal blood. The placental barrier, separating maternal and fetal blood, is composed of several layers including the syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast, connective tissue of the villus, and the endothelium of fetal capillaries.

The morphology of the placenta can also vary. Early in pregnancy, the placenta is relatively thin and spread out. As pregnancy progresses, it typically becomes thicker and more disc-shaped. The number and arrangement of cotyledons, which are distinct lobules of placental tissue visible on the maternal surface, can also be a descriptive feature. The umbilical cord, attaching the fetus to the placenta, is also considered part of the placental unit and contains blood vessels that transport oxygenated blood to the fetus and deoxygenated blood away. Understanding these structures is crucial for monitoring fetal development and diagnosing potential pregnancy complications.