Platinoids

Platinoids are a group of chemical elements in the periodic table, specifically the six elements in Group 10 (formerly Group VIIIB) of the transition metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. These elements are known for their high corrosion resistance, catalytic properties, and rarity. Platinoids are also notable for their use in various industrial applications, such as catalytic converters in automobiles, jewelry, and laboratory equipment due to their resistance to tarnish and corrosion.

The term "platinoid" was coined by the German chemist Karl Klaus in 1938 to distinguish these elements from the platinum metals, which include platinum, palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, and osmium. The platinoids are characterized by their high melting points, density, and resistance to corrosion. They are also known for their catalytic properties, which make them useful in chemical reactions.

Platinoids are typically found in the Earth's crust in very small quantities, often associated with nickel and copper deposits. They are extracted through mining and refining processes, which can be complex and environmentally impactful. The extraction of platinoids often involves the use of toxic chemicals and large amounts of energy, raising concerns about the environmental impact of their production.

The rarity and high demand for platinoids have led to significant price fluctuations in the market. Platinum, for example, is one of the most expensive metals in the world, with its price often exceeding that of gold. The high demand for platinoids in industrial applications, particularly in catalytic converters, has driven their prices up in recent years.

In summary, platinoids are a group of six transition metals known for their unique properties, including high corrosion resistance and catalytic properties. They are used in various industrial applications and are extracted through complex and environmentally impactful processes. The rarity and high demand for platinoids have led to significant price fluctuations in the market.