Plantegifte

Plantegifte, also known as plant toxins or phytotoxins, are naturally occurring chemical compounds produced by plants. These substances serve various purposes for the plant, including defense against herbivores, pathogens, and competing plants, as well as attracting pollinators or seed dispersers. The toxicity of these compounds varies greatly, with some causing mild irritation or digestive upset in humans and animals, while others can be lethal.

The chemical structures of plantegifte are diverse, encompassing a wide range of organic molecules such as alkaloids, glycosides, terpenes, phenols, and proteins. For example, alkaloids like solanine found in potatoes and nightshades can cause gastrointestinal and neurological symptoms. Glycosides, such as digitoxin in foxglove, are potent heart toxins. Lectins, a type of protein found in beans, can interfere with nutrient absorption.

Humans have utilized plantegifte for centuries, both for medicinal purposes and as poisons. Many modern pharmaceuticals are derived from plant toxins, with careful extraction and modification to harness their therapeutic benefits while mitigating harmful effects. Conversely, accidental ingestion or deliberate use of highly toxic plants can lead to severe poisoning. Awareness of poisonous plants in one's environment is crucial for safety. The study of plantegifte falls under the fields of phytochemistry, toxicology, and ethnobotany.