Planhed

Planhed is a term used in speculative design and computational geometry to describe a method of constructing closed polyhedral forms from planar panels. The name combines planar and hedron (from the Greek hedron meaning seat or face), reflecting its basis in flat components arranged to form a 3D surface.

In planhed, a planar graph or net defines how panels connect along edges. The panels are manufactured flat and then assembled, allowing rapid prototyping and potentially reduced manufacturing costs. The approach emphasizes modularity; repeated planar modules can be joined in various configurations to yield different polyhedral shapes.

Applications include architectural pavilions, temporary shelters, portable structures, and educational models. In design practice, planhed is valued for its versatility and the clean geometric aesthetics of flat panels; critics point to challenges in achieving structural efficiency and the complexity of edge joints and tolerances.

History and usage: The term emerged in contemporary design discourse as a descriptive label rather than a standardized method; it is used mainly in concept studies and computational design workflows. Variants of planhed may involve different panel materials, joint types, or folding mechanisms such as hinges, living hinges, or origami-inspired folds.

See also: polyhedron, planar graph, modular architecture, computational design, fabrication net.