Plagoklas

Plagoklas, often referred to as plagioclase, is a group of feldspar minerals defined by a continuous solid-solution series between sodium-rich albite and calcium-rich anorthite. The name derives from Greek plagios “slanted” or “oblique” and klasis “cleavage,” describing its distinctive cleavage features. The plagioclase series ranges from albite (NaAlSi3O8) to anorthite (CaAl2Si2O8), with intermediate members such as oligoclase, andesine, labradorite, and bytownite.

Chemically, plagioclase minerals follow the general formula NaAlSi3O8 to CaAl2Si2O8, with the composition varying through solid solutions primarily between sodium and calcium and with corresponding substitutions of aluminum and silicon in the tetrahedral framework. The structure forms a rigid tectosilicate framework that accommodates the varying cation content across the series.

Crystallography and properties: plagioclase minerals crystallize in the triclinic system and typically have two good cleavages that intersect at or near 90 degrees. They commonly exhibit striations on crystal faces and may show twinning. Average physical properties include hardness around 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, a vitreous to pearly luster, and a color range from colorless to white, gray, or milky shades. Specific gravity is about 2.62 to 2.76.

Occurrence and significance: plagioclase is a major constituent of many igneous rocks, including granites, diorites, basalts, and andesites, and is also found in metamorphic rocks. It forms through magmatic crystallization and metamorphic processes and is among the most abundant minerals in the continental crust. Labradorite, a member of the series, is noted for laboratory-induced iridescent effects known as labradorescence.

Uses: in addition to its geological importance, the plagioclase component of feldspar is widely used in ceramics and glass production as a flux, and some varieties serve as decorative stones.