Phäochrozytom

Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor that develops in the adrenal glands, which are located on top of the kidneys. These tumors produce excessive amounts of hormones called catecholamines, primarily adrenaline (epinephrine) and noradrenaline (norepinephrine). The excess catecholamines can cause a variety of symptoms, most notably paroxysmal hypertension, which is a sudden and severe increase in blood pressure. Other common symptoms include severe headaches, profuse sweating, and palpitations, often occurring in episodes. Patients may also experience anxiety, tremors, nausea, and chest pain.

The exact cause of pheochromocytoma is not fully understood, but it is often associated with certain genetic syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2A and 2B, and neurofibromatosis type 1. In most cases, pheochromocytomas are benign, meaning they do not spread to other parts of the body. However, a small percentage can be malignant.

Diagnosis typically involves blood and urine tests to measure catecholamine levels. Imaging techniques like CT scans and MRI scans are used to locate the tumor. Treatment primarily involves surgery to remove the tumor. Before surgery, medications are given to control blood pressure and heart rate. If the tumor is malignant, further treatment options like chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be considered. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for managing the condition and preventing serious complications.