Phalerum

Phalerum was an ancient Greek deme of Attica, located on the eastern coast of the Phaleric Bay. It was one of the most important port towns of Athens, rivaling Piraeus for prominence. Historically, Phalerum served as the primary harbor of Athens before the construction of Piraeus as the main naval base. The name "Phalerum" is thought to derive from the phaleris, a type of fish that was abundant in the area.

The deme was divided into several parts, including the Old Phalerum and the New Phalerum. Archaeological evidence suggests a long history of habitation, with settlements dating back to the Mycenaean period. During the Classical period, Phalerum was a thriving center of maritime trade and naval activity. It possessed shipyards and arsenals, and its citizens were known for their seafaring skills. The Athenian fleet was often based at Phalerum.

Phalerum played a significant role in Athenian history, particularly during the Persian Wars. It was here that the Athenian fleet engaged the Persians in the Battle of Salamis, though the main engagement occurred closer to the island of Salamis. After the Peloponnesian War, Piraeus grew in importance, and Phalerum gradually declined as a primary port, though it remained a significant settlement. Remains of ancient fortifications and harbor structures can still be found in the area. Today, the modern municipality of Paleo Faliro occupies much of the ancient deme's territory, preserving the historical significance of the location.