PgR

pgR, also known as progesterone receptor, is a protein that functions as a receptor for the hormone progesterone. It belongs to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which are ligand-activated transcription factors. When progesterone binds to pgR, the receptor undergoes a conformational change, allowing it to interact with specific DNA sequences called progesterone response elements (PREs). This interaction leads to the regulation of gene expression, influencing a wide range of physiological processes.

pgR plays a critical role in the female reproductive system, including the development and maintenance of the uterus, mammary glands, and ovaries. It is essential for pregnancy, regulating uterine quiescence and preparing the mammary glands for lactation. pgR also influences the menstrual cycle, mediating the effects of progesterone on the endometrium. Beyond reproduction, pgR has been implicated in other physiological and pathological processes, such as bone metabolism, cardiovascular function, and the growth of certain cancers, particularly breast and endometrial cancers. The activity of pgR can be modulated by various factors, and its dysregulation is associated with numerous diseases. Understanding pgR's function is crucial for developing targeted therapies for hormone-dependent conditions.