Perusterveydenhoito

Perusterveydenhuolto is Finland’s primary health care system, serving as the first point of contact for residents seeking medical advice and treatment. It is organized and funded mainly by municipalities and, in many areas, by joint municipal authorities. The aim is to provide accessible, continuous, and comprehensive care that addresses preventive, curative, and rehabilitative needs, while coordinating with social services and, when necessary, with specialized medical care.

The scope of perusterveydenhuolto includes general practitioner and nurse-led services at health centers, home care for those with limited mobility, and school health services. It also encompasses preventive programs such as vaccinations and routine screenings, maternity and child health clinics, mental health support at the primary level, and basic rehabilitative services. Dental care is organized within the municipal health system and is linked to primary care in many areas. Residents typically access services through local health centers, with triage by nursing staff and referrals to specialized care when needed. After-hours services are available in many regions to handle urgent but non-emergency needs. Digital tools, such as online appointment booking and electronic patient records, supplement in-person care.

Funding and access are regulated to promote equity. User fees may apply, but there are caps and many preventive services are free for children and other priority groups. The system emphasizes local accessibility, continuous care, and coordination with other welfare services.

Challenges facing perusterveydenhuolto include workforce shortages, regional variations in service levels, and aging populations. Policy initiatives in Finland focus on strengthening primary care, expanding digital services, and improving integration with social services to reduce reliance on higher levels of care and to ensure timely access for all residents.