Perushyödyn

Perushyödyn is a theoretical concept in Finnish welfare policy that refers to the basic level of social benefit that the state guarantees to all residents. The name combines perus- (basic) and hyödyn (benefit or utility). In policy discussions, perushyödyn denotes a baseline that ensures minimum living standards and social participation, regardless of individual income or employment status.

Scope of perushyödyn can include health care, education, housing support, and other essential services, or transfers designed to cover basic needs. Proponents argue that a universal baseline reduces poverty, simplifies administration, and reduces stigma associated with targeted welfare programs. Critics raise concerns about cost, potential disincentives to work, and the risk of under- or over-inclusion.

Measurement and implementation are central debates. Some proposals frame perushyödyn as a universal benefit package financed through progressive taxation, while others treat it as a floor within a broader safety net. Assessments rely on social indicators, budget analyses, and simulations of outcomes for well-being, employment, and fiscal sustainability.

Relation to related concepts: it is akin to universal basic income or guaranteed minimum income, but is distinguished by its emphasis on a universal baseline rather than conditional or means-tested provisions. The term remains primarily discussed in theoretical literature and policy debates in Finnish-speaking contexts.

Related concepts include welfare state, universal basic income, and social safety net.