Pertussis

Pertussis, commonly known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. It primarily affects infants and young children, but it can also occur in adults. The disease is characterized by paroxysms of coughing that can last for several weeks, often accompanied by a characteristic "whoop" sound when the person inhales. Other symptoms may include runny nose, sneezing, and low-grade fever.

Pertussis is spread through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The incubation period is typically 7-10 days, but it can range from 5 to 21 days. The disease progresses through three stages: the catarrhal stage, the paroxysmal stage, and the convalescent stage. During the paroxysmal stage, the coughing fits can be so severe that they may cause vomiting or even loss of consciousness.

Pertussis is preventable through vaccination. The DTaP (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) vaccine is recommended for infants and children, with booster doses given at specific intervals. The Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis) vaccine is recommended for adolescents and adults, particularly those who are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, as pertussis can be particularly dangerous for newborns.

Complications of pertussis can include pneumonia, encephalopathy, and even death, particularly in infants under six months old. Prompt diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics are crucial for preventing complications. Supportive care, such as hydration and rest, is also important during the acute phase of the illness.