Perpendikulaarselt

Perpendikulaarselt is the Estonian adverb meaning “in a perpendicular manner” or “at a right angle.” In mathematics and related fields, it describes a relationship in which two lines, planes, or directions meet or are oriented at 90 degrees.

In plane geometry, two lines are perpendicular if their intersection forms a right angle. In vector terms, two vectors are perpendicular when their dot product is zero, a property known as orthogonality. In coordinate geometry, lines with slopes m1 and m2 are perpendicular when m1 times m2 equals -1, provided neither line is vertical.

In three-dimensional space, a line is perpendicular to a plane if it is orthogonal to every line in the plane that passes through the point of intersection; equivalently, the line is parallel to the plane’s normal vector.

Perpendikulaarsus and perpendikulaarselt are fundamental in a variety of applications, including determining normal directions in computer graphics and engineering, performing projections, constructing orthonormal bases, and analyzing forces in physics.

The term is commonly used in Estonian mathematics and science contexts, reflecting the universal concept of right angles that underpins many geometric and analytical methods.