Peroxynitrites

Peroxynitrite is a reactive nitrogen species with the chemical formula ONOO-. It is formed in biological systems by the reaction between superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO). This reaction is particularly significant in situations involving inflammation and oxidative stress. Peroxynitrite is a potent oxidant and nitrating agent, meaning it can damage biological molecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids through both oxidation and the addition of a nitro group.

The formation of peroxynitrite is often considered a marker of oxidative and nitrosative stress. While it can contribute to cellular damage and dysfunction, leading to conditions like cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer, it also plays a role in some physiological processes. For instance, it can be involved in antimicrobial defense and signal transduction pathways. The balance between its damaging and signaling roles is crucial for maintaining cellular health. Research continues to explore the complex biochemistry and diverse biological effects of peroxynitrite.