Peritoneaalikalvon

Peritoneaalikalvon is the Finnish term for the peritoneal membrane, the serous membrane that lines the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum) and covers most abdominal organs. It forms two continuous layers: the parietal peritoneum that lines the cavity wall and the visceral peritoneum that envelops the organs. The potential space between them is the peritoneal cavity, which normally contains a small amount of lubricating peritoneal fluid.

Structure and composition: The peritoneum consists of a single layer of mesothelial cells with a thin submesothelial connective tissue. Mesothelial cells secrete fluid and provide a slippery surface; underlying vessels, nerves and lymphatics support exchange of fluids and solutes between the cavity and surrounding tissues.

Functions: It reduces friction between moving organs, supports and repositories intraperitoneal organs through mesenteries, omenta and ligaments, and acts as a semipermeable barrier. The membrane also participates in immune defense by housing immune cells and mediators, and serves as the functional barrier in peritoneal dialysis, where waste products and water pass between the bloodstream and dialysis fluid.

Clinical relevance: Conditions affecting the peritoneal membrane include peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum), ascites (fluid accumulation), adhesions after surgery, and peritoneal carcinomatosis. In peritoneal dialysis, the peritoneal membrane serves as the dialysis interface; the adequacy of treatment depends on membrane transport characteristics and patient factors.

Terminology note: The term peritoneaalikalvon corresponds to the peritoneal membrane or peritoneum in English, and is used in Finnish medical terminology to describe this structure.